Saturday, August 31, 2019

The Ways to Prevent Influences of Rock Music on Teenagers

The subject of rock has been controversial and a source of conflict between parents and children ever since it first appeared on the scene in the mid 1950’s. When Elvis Presley performed on the Ed Sullivan Show for the first time in 1956, the cameras only showed him from the waist up, because adults were offended by the way he shook his hips. The kids loved it! When the Beatles arrived in the mid 1960’s, parents were shocked again this time by the mop-top haircuts. But young people were swept away by the infectious enthusiasm of their music.After the Beatles, more shocks were in store as groups like the Rolling Stones and the Animals popularized a more coarse, gritty, and vulgar style of blues-influenced rock. Rock and Roll has a major impact on our society and the way people acted. Early on the issues of cars, school, dating, and clothing, and the famous artists or bands that are singing them could really influence the minds of young kids. A lot of the songs would also talk about events or conflicts that people listening could relate too.Topics such as sex and drugs that were pretty much unacceptable in the 1950s were starting to be in songs in the 1960s and 1970s, and now today rock artists such as Marilyn Manson sings about everything. Eventhough rock music is one of the arts that promotes creativity and expression, it still has negative effects on our society today, especially among teenagers. The first effect that we can see are rock music is a genre of music that uses guitar, drum and bass, which contribute to its noisy music.Not only that, the most negative part of rock music is its heavy metallic sound, which unconsciously makes its listeners violent. Rock music can cause a phenomenon called nerve jamming which is similar to hypnosis. Rock music also an often-cited example in this case is that of a sixteen-year-old boy in Texas, U. S. A who was taken into a trance like state while listening to rock song that he became violent and unconscio usly murdered his aunt.After hearing the negative effects of the rock music, do we as parents would just sit idly by and continue to let the youth drift with rock music that turned out to have an adverse effect on them? Parents always want the best for their children. Thereby, there are several ways to control and prevent this problem from becoming rampant in our society, especially the youth who always need guidance and advice. The first ways that you can do as a parents to prevent the problem is monitor your children's music the same way you supervise their use of television, videos, and the Internet.Developmental psychologists and other researchers who study the effect of media on children have found that parents who are involved in all their children's media choices have a great impact on taming its potentially destructive effects, such as encouraging aggressive behavior and reinforcing negative stereotypes about women and men. Luckily, as parents of young children, you are like ly to be involved in buying the tapes or CDs, or borrowing them from the library, so music choices should be easy to monitor. But remember. The monitoring should be done on an ongoing basis.There are other ways you-can maintain control such as stay involved and listen to your child's music choices with him. If you find something objectionable, clearly explain in specifics why you're concerned so that he begins to understand that you're not just being mean and also you have valid reasons and particular values that you'd like him to understand and adopt. Also, don't make the mistake of dismissing your child to his room to listen in private to music you don't like: The more privacy he has, the less control and awareness you have.You also must to make sure the rules apply to everyone. One way that young children are often exposed to music that may not be appropriate for their ears is through older siblings (and parents). If you don't want your 6-year-old listening to music that offends you, you probably don't want your older kids listening to it, either. Lastly, you can share your favorite selections with your child and make an effort to appreciate his music. Encouraging your child to explore different kinds of music is likely to benefit him in many ways.In fact, our research shows that children whose parents introduce them to, and encourage them to listen to, a variety of music do better in school. Teenagers tend to get their style of dress from musicians that they like. Singers and songwriters have always set the tone for fashion trends. The music and fashion industry have become so intertwined that recording artists are now using their fame to sell their own fashion line of clothing. The rock fashion including black nail polish, waist chains and black makeup fashions are from rock music.For example Sleeveless T-Shirts Rock Band became very popular sense awesome bands like AC / DC, Metallica, Poison, Ratt, Ozzy & others made prototypes all the Rage. The band Nir vana brought the Grundge look to the masses in the 90's. Although this look started out in the city of Seattle, USA, it quickly became a popular fad. Even now in our country, we can see that young children wearing head skin pants, leather jackets, cut rock hair style and so on, where they take advantage of clothing shows how the singer or bands that they like. Follow clothing trends favored artist directly cause teenagers tend to follow the development of the artist.Parents should better monitor and take care of what are their children wearing even where they are, especially the teenagers because this group is more likely to follow changes in fashion and always want up-to-date. Parents can control with a fashion review and selection of children's clothes when they go out shopping. In other way, although the parents just give children pocket money for the teenagers to buy their stuffs or things that they want parents need to find out what fashion and how clothes and the bought by the ir teenage children.As a conclusion, rock music seems to be the most controversial but it also has many positive influences that should be taken in to consideration. There are some negatives that come with it, and those should be filtered out by the parents. So, the next time your child wants to listen to a song they like, instead of immediately refusing, listen with both ears. You will learn much of what your child likes and dislikes. You will gain insight into the thinking of your child. You will also learn what to absolutely deny your child.

Assessment of initial launch into China Essay

Please watch the video case of Michel’s patisserie and answer the following question in written format (also prepare the answers to other questions listed on the tutorial agenda for tutorial discussion): What is your assessment of Michel’s initial launch into China? What would you have done differently? China has a tea-drinking culture, and tea has dominated for centuries. The coffee consumption in China is relatively low and although the coffee consumption is growing in some particular cities in China e.g. Shanghai and Beijing. The coffee market giant such as Starbucks has already had 500 shops in China and Chinese people are more attracted by the Starbucks image and experience than to the coffee itself. Michel’s may face the difficulties when operating in Chin in China. First, the key source of competitive advantage of Michel’s is about its successful franchising system, which prepared in a central bakery and then delivered to the franchisee’s stores and hence franchisees need only minimal preparations to start their business. However, this competitive advantage may blur because of the issues of logistic and bakery set up (localized central bakery). If Michel’s could not deal with those issues, which comprised with their competitive advantage, results i n less attractive and profitable of the brand. Therefore, it is hard to Michel’s to maintain its competitive advantages to compete with other coffee giants in this case- Starbucks, which has invested heavily in the brand development as one of the key competitive advantage in China. In addition, the franchise system in China is not mature; the local managers don’t have much managerial skill to understand the franchise concept, and often they might do what they want to regardless the franchise agreement, which may cause the inconsistent brand image and operations between home and host country. Before Michel’s initial launch into China they should had a more depth understanding of the Chinese coffee market. In the current case, the Chinese franchisee mentioned that the taste of Australian cakes is too sweet for Shanghai people and the English menu is difficult for local customer. All this kind of question can be solved by pre market research. Marketing plans are better to be consistent; Michel’s changed t heir franchise system and some marketing plans.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Reflective Essay on Learning and Motivation Essay

This reflection essay relates to the learning and teaching theories discussed in the course work. The study begins with an overview that presents a narrative of my evolution as a learner. The subsequent sections present a description of motivational attributes of an effective teaching strategy implemented in classroom setting. The study also offers a summary of the strategies that can be adopted in order to make a successful learning experience in college. I attended an educational system where schooling was based on traditional teaching systems. Teaching approaches were similar to the approach of a â€Å"banking model.† The school’s procedure depicted the teachers’ roles as depositing correct information to the learners to a point that it was needed. I began preparing for an end or term exam in my first year in the school by revising material offered to us severally. I did not have any notion why I had to learn the material (Zhang, 2009). Therefore, my life in t he school and my learning experiences were done through â€Å"rote learning.† The school system made emphasis on performance objectives over learning goals. During my third week in the school, I encountered an experience that changed my approach and motivation to learning. The experience came about after and encountered with my third year English 101 tutor, Mr. Rickie. He was very smart he had a good grounding on issues of English and career advice. His past engagements in learning and curriculum development allowed me to be consistent and relevant to learning motivation. The year was marked by class members taking the class as passive and engaged in class games instead of concentrating during class sessions (Zhang, 2009). The fourteenth week of the class people started seeing the sense of paying attention during class sessions, and we started enjoying French. The students’ attitude to the class took a different turn due to the measures he took to change the learning atmosphere. First, Mr. Rickie made the class lively through â€Å"activity setting† on Wednesday classes. The students were separated into manageable groups of five each. Students from each group were dressed to fit the roles assigned to their respective groups. The class als o created these situations as role-plays. In subsequent week, Mr. Rickie asked us about our goals as well as professions we dreamt to pursue after our education. For instance, my group took the assignment of having meetings with professionals. The day the group took to play a role, I opted to play a  lawyer. My group had prepared to meet within a restaurant and conversations were to be in English. Teachers who use such an approach consider teachers and students as co-constructors of knowledge through meaningful ways. The approach to learning considers the environment as well as role of peers in through interactions of questioning, interpreting, and listening to others’ ideas. Teachers using the learning strategy take into consideration students’ different understanding levels and diverse learning styles in eliciting ideas (Benson, 2008). The process through which students embraces opportunities of generating various ideas and clarifying their own enables reflection on provisions of fellow students. The past academic year presented me with an opportunity to address a graduate level course in Radford University. I observed a critical difference among the students through implementing diverse teaching styles. The goal of making thing classroom more interactive and motivated is a topic of discussion where groups review materials covered. In conclusion, my illustration of effective teaching strategies includes contributions and roles of teachers facilitating and co-constructing knowledge (Benson, 2008). The ultimate learning motivation includes active inclusion of students in course activities. Classrooms that embrace effective teaching strategies uphold the principles of diverse learning styles and the realization that students encounter differences in their levels of understanding.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Gentrification in Park Slope Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gentrification in Park Slope - Research Paper Example Gentrification occurs when the middle class people move into the lower income resident of the neighborhood leading to displacement and changes basic character and flavor of the neighborhood (Angotti 4). The paper will focus on the causes, effects and control measures for gentrification. Its notable that gentrification comes with both economic benefits and adverse effects as some households face displacements. The gentrification of Park Slope is particularly far from new incident and has been in progress for decades. Gentrification in Park Slope is characterized by displacement free zone, which is an attempt to have the existing residents kept in their places. Gentrification in Park Slope summarizes all the market polarization, failures, and injustice that shaped life in Park Slope communities. Based on statistical analysis of housing surveys, gentrification in Park Slope was never a boost for anyone. Gentrification challenged the conventional experience through illustrating renters w ho are disadvantaged living in gentrifying neighborhoods have lower mobility rates compared to the renters in the non-gentrifying regions. Conditions that were brought by gentrification in Park Slope provided incentives for the poor renters so as to remain in their homes in the face of higher burdens and other rent stresses (Harvey, 8). Gentrification in the Park Slope has led to economic and social changes that are widely visible. In this case, it cannot be referred to urban generation because it leads to displacements of the neighborhood specifically on a large scale while the latter is the movement of high income households on a small scale of vacant buildings and land. According to Slater (12), gentrification occurs in places that have experienced low manufacturing employment, increase in service and entrance of women in the job market where the middle-income earners with the preference of an urban living move to low-income residents’ neighborhood. The case of John Jay Co llege illustrated the effect of gentrification in schools. The focus was specifically on areas such as: student body composition, disciplinary climate, organizational climate, and academic organization. These areas have seen a long term effect of gentrification especially in John Jay College where gentrifies with children kept their children out of John Jay College, figuring out a way to place their children in schools outside the catchment area, or instead opting for private schools. This resulted into impacts on potential fragmentation and social integration of the social fabric in the neighborhood. The Gentrification process in Park Slope is also likely to affect the urban residents living near the central business districts with affordable well architecture residential houses since they are not economically and politically muscled as the gentrifiers. The entrance of the gentrifiers into these neighborhoods leads to rising of house prices as the middle-income households come with a huge appetite for spending, forcing the existing businesses in the neighborhood to improve their services. This leads to low-income household to move out to places they can afford since they had settled there because of cheap rent and proximity to the employment opportunities. These households had settled there due to convenience in that the same class of people also found it favorable to their circumstances (Smith, 1). Lower-income households that live in these

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Resource-Based View of the Firm to Strategic Management Essay

Resource-Based View of the Firm to Strategic Management - Essay Example The Resource-based strategy can develop strategic capability. The strategic goal will be to "create firms which are more intelligent and flexible than their competitors" (Grant 116) by hiring and developing more talented staff and by extending their skills base. Using this approach to strategic management, international companies gain competitive advantage by conceiving new ways of conducting activities, introducing new methods, technologies, inputs or channels of distribution. A convincing rationale for resource-based strategy for the global environment has been produced by Grant: "When the external environment is in a state of flux, the firm's own resources and capabilities may be a much more stable basis on which to define its identity" (Grant, 115). In line with intellectual capital theory, resource-based theory emphasizes that investment in people adds to their value to the companies of any sector. According to Campbell (1997) the goals of the resource-based view is to improve resource capability - achieving st

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The Changing Geography of International Business Essay

The Changing Geography of International Business - Essay Example The political, technological and economic changes lead towards cultural diversities in the 21st century all around the world. The main objective of the paper is to consider the most significant characteristics of four regions namely Latin America, China, Russia and Africa that have shaped the business environment and that outsiders need to be aware of when initiating a new enterprise or while establishing operation there. The two significant characteristics that have been chosen for the study are culture and language, and politics. Culture and Language of Latin America The word ‘Latin America’ is used to explain the collection of 21 countries in the continent of South America. The language that is spoken is Latin. It has been observed that Latin America enjoys components of historical experience, culture and language. Latin America is an ethnically diverse region and is also deemed as a mounting political and economic force. The main languages that are spoken in this con tinent are Spanish, Portuguese and French (Teegan & Doh, 2002). Conventionally, the Hispanic family is a cohesive group and the most vital social unit. They generally believe in extended family. It has been observed that in Latin cultures, the familial group is quite crucial. In a few of the Latin American countries, peasants might leave their workplaces during holidays so that they can meet their relatives in other parts of the country. They also tend to attend the funeral, weddings of their friends, or distant relatives. A manager may be faced with greater difficulties related to non-attendance impacting the workplace to a major extent (Martinez-Calimano, 2006). According to a study conducted by Geert Hofstede for Latin American countries, it was noted that there is high power distance in Latin America. In Latin America, the people in higher level of authority expect to gain respect from others and are familiar to make decisions without taking into consideration the viewpoints of their subordinates. Latin America has low individualism rate. In Latin America gender roles become quite different in comparison to the United States, men hold the greater authority. There is high uncertainty avoidance in Latin America (Geert Hofstede, 2012). Politics of Latin America Latin America enjoys neither total-socialism nor free-market neoliberalism. The region has been ranked as the third most unbalanced region in the world in the context of post-war period. Political unsteadiness has been one of the most persistent issues in Latin America. It has been noted that from the year 1971-2000, three nations belonging to Latin America were consistently democratic within the thirty year phase, while the other countries have changed from democracy to autocracy and vice versa at least once during the time period. It can be analysed that such political instability tends to obstruct the economic development via its impact upon the accrual of both physical and human capital (Blanco & G rier, 2000). Culture and Language of China China has a prolonged history of cultural competence. China is considered as globe’s oldest civilisation among the culture that subsists today. The Chinese have been capable of preserving the old values still today. It is identified that when the Chinese entrepreneurs are operating their

Monday, August 26, 2019

'Character is fate'. Is this statement shown to be true in Oedipus and Essay

'Character is fate'. Is this statement shown to be true in Oedipus and Hamlet - Essay Example Moreover, renowned soothsayers, seers, astrologists and numerologists also used to augur about the life and glorious deeds would be performed by the outstanding personalities and charismatic spiritual, political, military and religious leaders, belonging to various societies of the globe, many years before their birth even. The present study aims to discuss the theory character is fate in the light of the classical plays Oedipus the King and Hamlet produced by Sophocles and William Shakespeare respectively. Celebrated poet and distinguished playwright of ancient Greece Sophocles has described the role of fate in the life and character of humans in his magnum opus Oedipus the King. â€Å"Sophocles’ Oedipus the King is a classic work of literature that opens our minds to the possibility of preordained destiny, which is a timeless theory that holds as much importance in our lives today is it did for those who lived in Sophocles’ time.† (associatedcontent.com) The re markable tragic play vehemently declares destiny as the regulatory authority that controls every important event and incident taking place in human life in such a way that man startles at the silent entrance of both blessings and calamities in his life, where neither any triumph is the outcome of his character, nor any intentional performance or misdeed committed by him is the only cause to invite the misfortunes. As a result, humans appear to be powerless to combat with the misfortunes had been predetermined by Nature for their life. Thus, the entire struggle made by them to escape the most obnoxious incidents of life end in utter fiasco subsequently. Though, the critics also disagree with the notion incurred while interpreting the play that the control of fate over character has been expressed by the author. They are of the opinion that the author has reflected upon the flaws and faults of character, which pave the way towards the fateful end of the protagonist character Oedipus. Since it were Oedipus’s parents, King Laius and Queen Jocasta, who acted upon the piece of advice made by the soothsayer regarding their son’s life by ordering decree to kill Oedipus by throwing him from the hill, they themselves invited the wrath of Nature for their misdeed and malafide intention of killing their innocence infant Oedipus. In addition, Oedipus also displayed unnecessary aggression during his encounter with King Laius, and challenged him to fight and killed him subsequently. Moreover, he also showed extraordinary valour and gallantry while killing the monster, which reveals the impatience and lack of prudence in him. However, these were not the great faults enough for the ruination of the family. However, the blunder mistake made by the King and the Queen by ordering the killing of their innocence child reflected their ruthlessness and caused the fateful end of the family eventually. The plays reveals that the soothsayer had warned the King and Queen th at their newly born child would, on growing

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Consequences of high incarceration rate Term Paper

Consequences of high incarceration rate - Term Paper Example Research addressing the impact of parental incarceration on children has identified developmental, emotional, psychological, social, educational, and behavioral consequences for these children (Trice & Brewster, 2004). There is some consensus in the literature identifying some of the serious, detrimental consequences for children of all ages who experience parental incarceration. These issues must be identified and addressed as children of incarcerated parents are viewed as a unique, group with special service needs. Number of Incarcerated Parents The Bureau of Justice Statistics in an August 2000 special report identified a total of 1,284,894 prisoners of which, 721,500 were parents. Within this group of incarcerated parents, 46% resided with at least one minor child at the time of incarceration (Mumola, 2001). Of this group of parents incarcerated, 32% reported having more than one child less than 18 years of age (Mumola, 2001) and 37% reported living with their children in the mon th previous to their arrest (Mumola, 2001). In the same year, 2.1 percent of the 72 million minors in the United States in 1999 had a parent in prison, which represents almost 1.5 million children (Harrison & Beck, 2006). Fathers were less likely to report living with their children prior to incarceration than mother, (47% federal inmates versus 73%). Of fathers imprisoned in 1999, reported the child's mother was their primary caregiver 90% of the time where as only 28% of incarcerated mothers cited their child's father as the primary caretaker (Mumola, 2001). Imprisoned mothers identify grandparents and other family members as the primary caregivers of their children 79% of the time (Mumola, 2001). From 1991 to 1999 the proportion of prison inmates who were also parents increased by more than 250,000. The aforementioned rise in female prisoners has also exacerbated an increase in the number of mothers in prison (106% versus 58% rise in fathers). In 1999, it was estimated that 1.4 m illion children had an incarcerate father and 126,100 with incarcerated mother (Mumola, 2001). Johnston, (1995a) highlights that due to the prevalence of intergenerational crime and the risk for children within these families, it is necessary to address the problem within the context of the family as well as the individual. Impact of Parental Incarceration of Children It is clear that incarceration affects millions of families in the United States. The rise in incarceration rates for both men and women has definite consequences for their children. Whether it is the absence of a father or the incarceration of a mother who is most likely the primary caregiver prior to incarceration, there are considerable consequences for children (Mumola, 2001). Children of prisoners struggle with issues that impact their psychosocial development. The stigmatization of parental incarceration is an important issue addressed in the literature as well as the impact this may have on a child's their self- concept and identity development. The separation of a child from their parent due to incarceration may have differential and devastating effects. Kampfner (1995) outlines how maternal incarceration further stigmatizes children and prevents them from having their needs met. Being witness to a mother's

Saturday, August 24, 2019

The pyramid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The pyramid - Essay Example raftsmen talent on exemplary basis having a perfect architectural structure and several theories exist with regard to its constructional methodology and purpose. The pyramid was built around 4500 years ago by the Egyptians for Pharaoh Khufu as his tomb. If looked at from an engineers perspective, the design, accuracy and crafting of its structure matches the modern day structures that exist in todays world. The placement of rocks that give it a triangular design are within tiny fractions of degree and so the largest structure not only reflects history but past society engineering methods2. The structure of the pyramid consists of approximately 2-3 million blocks of granite, which weigh two and a half tons. The total weight of the entire set of graphite rocks used would be approximately six million tons. The Great Pyramid is an epitome of a mixture of different branches of science that include geometry, the value of pi and astronomy. This makes it one of the highlighted wonders of the world. The slides are so aligned and precise that they give the entire structure a relationship with the moon, sun and the stars in the sky. The pyramid over th is period of time has seen disturbances geologically that have made an impact on its structural accuracy. If these are excluded, it is believed that the entire structure would have been more accurate in its integrity 3. There are several theories that revolve around the construction of the Great Pyramid. Science is still figuring out how huge heavy stones were taken to the top and placed with such precision to make the great structure. It is believed that the rocks were aligned in the structure with the help of a series of wooden staves in a parallel fashion that were placed at right angles and moved in the motion. More rocks were taken to the top with the help of placing them on wooden sledges4. The labor force used in building the Great Pyramid is also a mystery. One theory highlights that the slaves were made to work until

Friday, August 23, 2019

Explain why United States based media conglomerates are so successful Essay

Explain why United States based media conglomerates are so successful on the world media markets - Essay Example Yet, the synthesis between the local and the global in content has become the order of the day as it is successfully adopted and implemented by the United States based media conglomerates. Since media plays a vital role in the cultural lives of millions of people and the fact that media sector is by and large controlled by American interests, there have been arguments in favour of the idea ‘cultural imperialism’. Although the central postulate of cultural imperialism thesis remains valid due to the lopsidedness in the global media market, the so-called cultural imperialism through the American cultural products cannot be seen as one sided as the theorists of cultural imperialism perspective understood it to be. In the light of the recent developments taking place in the media sector, especially the regional media in the developing countries and the changes bought by the new media technologies, this paper intends to examine the case of United States based media conglomerates and their role in what is happening around us. The core concern of the essay is to examine what is remaining relevant with the arguments and concerns regarding American media supremacy and the criticisms provided by the contesting theoretical doctrines from the vantage point of the tremendous transformations occurring with the global media conditions from the very beginning of twenty first century. The term global media denotes the collective of big media players and multinationals working in the integrated global media environment. They spread around the globe and significant share of the national markets and have the ability to pace up the opening up of new markets or even invent emergent markets. However, both global and local media organisations represent the characteristics of each other. Thussu (2007) has asserted that the development of

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour Lab Report

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour - Lab Report Example This essay is an appraisal of the product design process that explains and evaluates the different aspects of packaging product designs. Packaging design is a business function in an enterprise that can be utilized to accomplish different strategic purposes for a company depending on the needs of the firm. Among the different attributes a designer can implement into a packaging design include shape, color, weight, technology compatibility, graphics and durability and functionality (Young, 2002). Packaging solution are created based on the needs of a segment of customers who demand for a particular trait in a product can lead to increases sales for a company based on packaging design superiority. A company that used design innovation to increase the sales of its products is Neese Products. This firm specializes in food storage utilized different plastic designs that can be applied to most pre-opened original packaging using a zip slider top and adhesive strips to maintain freshness and prevent spillage (Smith, 2007). There are ways to further integrate packaging design can be used as a strategic tool to add value to a corporation. The packaging industry realized that best way to attract a global customer audience is to identify the customers preferences and integrate the international input into the packaging design. The global audience is interested in protecting the world’s environment. A green product is a product manufactured on an eco-friendly manner to protect the environment (Colorado, 2005). An example of a firm that utilized packaging design environmentally sustainable focus is Johnson & Johnson. The company emphasized a moved to recycled content in its packaging design for products. The firm’s increased its post customer recycled from 15% to 80% while at the same time reducing the use of PVC used on consumer primary, secondary and tertiary packaging solutions (Rhoda, 2007). Packaging designs are influenced by the target market the company

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Demon and Fact Faustus Essay Example for Free

Demon and Fact Faustus Essay Mephistopheles varies greatly in his attitude towards Faustus, sometimes seemingly offering support and guidance while others acting in a dismissive, even disdainful manner. Throughout, Faustus is manipulated into fulfilling Mephistopheles own goals, yet the bewitching fiend succeeds in giving him the belief that he wants to do these things himself whether or not he is being guided, albeit rather forcefully, there. Nonetheless it remains to be seen if this is a reflection of the deceitfulness from the devils servant or rather the weakness and arrogance shown by Faustus. Faustus appears vulnerable and naà ¯ve upon conjuring for the first time, pathetic fallacy adding to the sombre mood, as gloomy shadow(s) overcast the scene, obscuring what is about to happen, leaving the audience in the dark and instilling a sense of terror. Therefore when Mephistopheles appears as a devil it is presumably through fear that Faustus describes him as too ugly such is the heightened sense of tension and feeling of the sublime he experiences. As opposed to reacting to Faustus needs Mephistopheles immediately gains control and begins surreptitiously asserting his dominance over him, taking advantage of the fact Faustus is clearly out of his depth, and resorting to imperatives, commanding Mephistopheles to speak! hinting that desperation is starting to creep in. Throughout the play it appears as though Mephistopheles is praying on Faustus weaknesses, identifying his aspiring pride as a pressure point and luring him towards the idea of becoming the sole king of all the earth. Once overcome with the thought of being a great emperor Faustus is obviously convinced that selling his soul is the best option he has and appears to disregard any rational logic, allowing Mephistopheles to sit back only issuing short replies like I will in return to the overly ambitious notions filling Faustus egotistical head. Faustus lack of control is only furthered when his own appetite gets the better of him leading to Mephistopheles threatening to go back to hell forcing Faustus to implore with him not to leave furthermore signalling his reliance on him to actually carry out all his frivolous desires. The compromise of being offered greater things proves too much for Faustus as  passion overcomes reason, which Mephistopheles is keen to distance them from, crea ting stark opposition and providing further evidence that he is willing to manipulate Faustus through his vulnerabilities, regardless of what emotions this will invoke in the mere mortal himself. In addition to promise bringing whirlwinds, tempests, thunder and lightning under the control of Faustus, Mephistopheles also immediately senses whenever there is slight doubt in his subject, quickly bombarding him with fantasises to delight his mind and turn his attention away from any concept of repentance. This eagerness to persistently tempt Faustus towards hell every time he wavers slightly suggests a driven character, supported through his own claims that he would do anything to obtain his soul no matter the cost, showcasing a lack of care or sympathy towards the difficult situation Faustus finds himself in. This only serves to further the level of deception and pretence when Mephistopheles calls on Faustus to stab thine arm courageously resorting to flattery to get his own way, knowing that Faustus ego will easily succumb to being complimented and raised above others. However in direct contrast, Mephistopheles shows hes not afraid to resort to intimidation, reporting hell hath no limits such is the reach of the devil, one should know not to cross him as under the heavens the lines blur and the liminal becomes ever more apparent, this bold claim undoubtedly a shocking one in front of a contemporary audience wherein religion was distinct in its boundaries hell and heaven two entirely different entities. After a relatively straight forward process of persuasion Mephistopheles gains Faustus soul, leading to an apparent change in attitude from Mephistopheles more bold in his tactics he openly denies Faustus his wishes, instead questioning his stupidity and chastising him by warning him to talk not of a wife but rather concentrate on aspects of life he himself deems relevant. Faustus pitiful cry at the end of scene 5 suggests that already he realises the drastic mistake hes made and that thou art deceived! by the dishonest Mephistopheles, leaving the audience to feel slight sadness for the misplaced trust he possessed. Nevertheless while this seems tragic one cannot avoid the suggestion that Faustus was only guided down a path he  desired all along and that he convinces himself to be resolute and show willing to commit the most heinous of crimes such as offer luke-warm blood of new-born babies an awful taboo that highlights just how far he will go in order to quench his thirst for power and fame. In turn, this advocates Mephistopheles as more of a bystander than initially thought and while he is unequivocally determined in gaining more souls to enlarge his kingdom, he remains open about this throughout, instead of being sly and secretive. Therefore it can be considered that Faustus is in no position to call Mephistopheles a bewitching fiend such are the failings of his own character. He is the one who condemns himself through his over ambition at becoming a conjuror laureate and arrogance in believing that he has tamed Mephistopheles and made him obedient. Whereas Mephistopheles only points him in the right direction and technically always remains under his command, bringing him a hot whore for a wife, while unsatisfactory is still fulfilling the parameters of Faustus self-indulgent wish. Despite this obedience towards his supposed master, Mephistopheles can definitely be considered a bewitching fiend due to his ability to lure Faustus into making the decisions that Mephistopheles himself wanted and the drive he holds in forcing the deal through to the end. Furthermore his lack of concern towards his own conjuror is revealing, joking tut I warrant thee in reaction to Faustus recognition he has done wrong, displaying both a lack of remorse and also a smugness that he has succeeded in accomplishing Lucifers plan.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

English Romanticism And Its Characteristics

English Romanticism And Its Characteristics Romanticism as a trend in art and literature of England emerged in the 90th of XVIII century. Romanticism in England took shape earlier than in other Western European countries, it had its vivid specificity and individualism. Its most bright representatives were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Thomas Moore, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walter Scott, John Keats and others, who have left a rich heritage in the literature of England and contributed to the world literature. Romanticism is one of the most controversial trends in European literature, in the literature Romanticism is mostly understood not only as a formal literary trend, but as a certain philosophy, and it is through this philosophy that we try to define Romanticism. One of the features of Romanticism in England was its magnificent lyric poetry, especially lyric poetry, in which the identity of the poet was brightly expressed in whatever he wrote. English poets framed their observations and views in parables, fantastic visions, cosmic symbolism. Sublime things and feelings were understood by them not only as something exclusive, but that could be present in the simplest things, in everyday life. One of the characteristics of romantic literature was a special attention to the spiritual world of man, but, in contrast to the sentimental literature, Romantics were interested not in an ordinary man, but the exceptional man in the exceptional circumstances. Romantic hero is experiencing violent emotions, is striving for perfection, dreams of an ideal. Romantic hero loves and sometimes idealizes the Middle Ages time, pristine nature, in powerful forms of which he sees reflection of his strong and conflicting emotions. When characterizing the relation of romantic writers and poets to the world, it is important to point aspiration to the ideal, human impulses and feelings, the belief that not logic and knowledge but intuition and imagination could reveal all the mysteries of life. But it is aspiration to the ideal, sometimes illusory or unattainable, that lead to rejection of everyday life which did not meet that ideal. Therefore, the romantic heroes had an internal duality, forced to live in two disparate worlds of the ideal and reality, sometimes coming in protest not only against the bone of reality, but also against the divine world order. Here came the so-called romantic irony of a man in relation to an established reality, that the average man took seriously. In general, the idea is often combined with irony, that is the peculiarity of English literature at all stages of its development. English Romantics were especially interested in social problems, as to the modern bourgeois society they opposed the old, pre-bourgeois relations, they glorified nature and simple, natural feelings. Bright representative of English Romanticism is Byron, who, according to critics, clothed in a dull hopeless romanticism and selfishness. His works are full of pathos of struggle and protest against the modern world, glorifying freedom and individualism. Understanding of nature and its image in the works of the Romantics In the late XVIII early XIX century the very understanding of nature has changed. First of all, it was associated with changes in life philosophy and world view of romantics, who then explained all the phenomena from another point of view, different from the medieval and enlightenment views. The change in the philosophy of the world spirit and in understanding of nature had effects on the romantic image of the landscape: Romantics view the world spirit as a basic principle of nature, as weak, vacillating, the least comprehensible and most mysterious part of nature. With this understanding of nature, the image of nature and landscape appeared as dual: the nature itself and also the spirit that filled it and governed it. Some critics argue that the difference of the romantic interpretation of the nature was in the fact that romanticism tried to carry balance of the world of pure ideas with the world of tangible and visible things, eliminating their opposition. (Abrams, 1975) These questions are very important, because the nature of romantic poetry has saved not only the aesthetic value of artistic expression of its philosophy, but also it reflected a truly profound ideas and experiences, great human emotions. It is important to stress the fact that according to Romantics, nature in general and all its parts have specific features of the human soul. Though it is important to say that such personalization and conception of nature as subordinate to the world spirit is very important peculiarity of romantic literature, because it reflects the problem of mans relationship to the world. Thus, the very meaning of nature in the XVIII and XIX centuries was entirely different. What is the something else, something new that distinguishes a romantic view of nature from its premises? Scientific literature emphasizes such characteristics of views and attitudes towards nature in romantic works: the deep romanticism subjectivity, the subjectivity of nature, precise, individual attitude to the subjects of nature; projection of mood of the writer on nature and vice versa; the identification of the sensitive subject with nature; the animation of nature by subjective emotions of the poet; passionate relationship of man to nature. (Moore J, 2010) Subjectivity of nature is a broader concept than the organic view of Romantics on nature, as this concept unites a wide range of romantic poets. In English and in German literature subjectivity of nature is expressed more explicitly than other literatures. Example of words of Byron, who very often expressed his love to nature, points to the fact that the subjective relationship with nature is very important feature of Romanticism. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is a rapture on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar: I love not man the less, but Nature more. (Byron G.G., Childe Harolds Pilgrimage) The main aspect in the romantic view on the nature is its subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. It is a subjective interpretation of nature that is widely used by Romantic poets, and such features as variety of moral epithets, passion, and association of objects with personal these are the most obvious examples of this poetic temperament. Nature knows, loves, suffers and dreams, like a man, and together with the man. (Moore, 2010) Thus, the Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature, but this is not always expressed in the pantheistic forms, and may be associated with different ideological positions. Moreover, this unity can act in the forms of dualistic split, when nature embodies peace and harmony, and is opposed to sufferings and disharmony of human relationship. Passionate experience of relationship between the hero and nature is inherent to all romantics, though it may be shown differently by different romantic poets. On the one hand, in their writings dominate the image of landscape, which reflects their search for beauty, for picturesque images. On the other, they pay more attention to the state of the human soul and his feelings, and so the image of nature is a projection of the state of the soul, and the poet turns from the descriptions of nature to description of feelings, mixing them and showing relationship between them. Thus, the declaration of the relationship of natu re with the inner world of man is an important practice in works of romantic poets. (Perkins, 1994) It is the hour when from the boughs The nightingales high note is heard; It is the hour when lovers vows Seem sweet in every whispered word; And gentle winds, and waters near, Make music to the lonely ear. Each flower the dews have lightly wet, And in the sky the stars are met, And on the wave is deeper blue, And on the leaf a browner hue, And in the heaven that clear obscure, So softly dark, and darkly pure. Which follows the decline of day, As twilight melts beneath the moon away. (Byron G., Parisina (st. 1) It is important to note that for romantic poets nature was an expression of spiritual life, where they saw the mirror reflection of either their own soul, or the ideal life that constituted the object of their dreams. Therefore, in their works nature is endowed with more deep meaning, than the meaning of words. Animation, humanization of nature in perception, imagination was one of the favorite motifs of poets. In contrast to the dead to society, which kills a living soul in the pursuit of profit, career, power, the nature comes to life, filled with the spiritual life of people. In this case they usually have in mind the wild nature, untouched by man, which gives rest, forgetfulness and peace. Sometimes the opposition of society and nature took the form of an antithesis of town and country, and then under the nature was meant idyllic countryside, dramatically different from a nervous and noisy city. In contrast to the false and empty society, in nature everything is simple, genuine and harmonious. An example of the poetic chanting of nature were the works of lyrical poet John Keats, who wrote on the high themes of love, beauty and art art. In his poem Autumn (1820) Keats went completely from the mythological imagery, creating a picture of autumn the time of a sad farewell to the past before the harsh winter. Landscape in the poem is associated with the image of a simple man a peasant who lives in a perpetual work. Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To bend with apples the mossd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the coreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Keats J. To Autumn, in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005) The contradiction between the dream and the reality the romantic poet Keats expressed as a contradiction between the desired ideal of beauty and bourgeois prose. Keatss admiration for the beauty was not, however, fled from life, from the problems of reality. In his poetry, he showed the truth of life, the essence of reality, he poeticized the beauty that was hidden in life under the cover of some ugly things. But when the melancholy fit shall fall Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud, That fosters the droop-headed flowers all, And hides the green hill in an April shroud; Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose, Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave, Or on the wealth of globà ¨d peonies; Or if thy mistress some rich anger shows, Emprison her soft hand, and let her rave, And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes. (Keats J. , Ode on Melancholy, The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005 ) Another prominent representative of Romantic literature in England was Lord George Gordon Byron. Byron was committed to the educational ideals and aesthetics of classicism, but he was a romantic poet. In his work the recognition of the classic rigor and clarity was combined with the image of the complex and ambiguous feelings, painted in a gloomy mood, but also with irony. The moon is up, and yet it is not night; Sunset divides the sky with her; a sea Of glory streams along the Alpine height Of blue Friulis mountains; Heaven is free From clouds, but of all colours seems to be. (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, A Romaunt, Canto IV, XXVII) In the romantic poems we see the strong desire to image bright and sharp contrasts , also in the image of nature. Romantics often sought to portray a violent nature, and Byron seemed liked the the presence of danger, a storm for him was a symbol of the great, though often fatal passions. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean-roll! Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain; Man marks the earth with ruin-his control Stops with the shore;-upon the watery plain The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Canto II, CLXXIX) Aspiration to an ideal and admiration of the perfect beauty of the nature can be found in the beautiful poems of Percy Shelley. The character of pictures of nature by Shelley organically derives from his philosophical views, based on the knowledge of the history of philosophy from ancient times, from truly encyclopedic knowledge. Shelley sometimes animates the nature, gives it consciousness and characteristics of highest creation he signs a hymn to the Spirit of Nature, by declaring the entire Universe as its temple. The influence of the materialist: it were ideas of Enlightenment and the Renaissance that played a decisive role in the evolution of philosophical views of Shelley. In Ode to the West Wind (1819) the symbolic image of the West Wind is the idea of renewal of life: the west wind destroys everything old in its path and helps to create new. The lyrical hero-champion is one with the mighty power of the West Wind. O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic redà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear! (Shelley P.B., Ode To The West Wind, I) Shelley shows the magic power of the wind magically, describing its role as destroyer and preserver, by powerful natural metaphors the poet expresses his ideas about the power and great effect of the nature. Thus, we can see that the Romantic poets often showed the nature as free, powerful and beautiful world that is different from the human. Especially romantic poets liked to portray the sea in this sense, its boundless scope and majestic power, the wind, which has unlimited power and freedom, and the mountains with their grandeur and sublime beauty. In this case, the freedom and the power of natural elements have a figurative meaning, associated with free and powerful human spirit. Conclusion Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature. Consequently, the most importantly in the romantic views of nature is subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. The romantic perception of nature is not just individual attitude of the subject to the outside world, but the nature helps to express the attitude of individual to the social conditions of his existence. In the perception and evaluation of the nature is expressed the relationship of the individual to the public life, to the meaning of human existence.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Advantage Of Star Topology

Advantage Of Star Topology Star Topology: In a typical star topology, all computers/ stations are connected to a central device, usually a switch. They are connected to this central device via cable segments. Such cable segments are Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair, as well as, fibre optic cabling. http://www.inetdaemon.com/img/topology_star.gif Advantage of star topology: With the star topology, if one cable of device goes down, the rest of the network is not affected (fault tolerance). Disadvantage of star topology: However, because management of communication is centralized, if the main switch or hub goes down the whole network goes down. Extended Star Topology: As the name implies, it is a bit more advanced than the typical star topology. In this topology, there is also a central device, usually a switch, in the middle of the network. However, instead of computers being directly connected to this central switch, other switches or hubs are connected to its ports. Computers and other peripherals are then connected to these switches or hubs, forming other stars; hence an extended star is the final result. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:O2WYXsb8K_NPNM:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/b/b5/Extended_star_topology.png Advantage of extended star topology: As a result of there being a central switch, it is easy to locate and troubleshoot any problematic areas. Disadvantage of extended star topology: Again, because of the use of the centralized switch, once the switch goes down it creates problems for the entire network. Ring Topology: In this particular network topology, each computer/ station is directly connected to the next one in line and ends at the very first computer/ station, resulting in a circular formation/ arrangement of the cables. Each computer has the responsibility of retransmitting communication messages. The communication messages all travel in one direction and as a result of having no end in the circular formation, there is no real need for termination. http://www.inetdaemon.com/img/topology_ring.gif Advantage of ring topology: Due to the topologys structure, there is no need for terminators. Disadvantage of ring topology: Any break or fault in the cable can disrupt communications. Bus/ Linear-Bus Topology: This structure utilizes a single cable segment which connects all the computers in a single straight line. All computers in this topology share this single cable segment and as a result a terminator is needed. This is due to the fact that the signals need to be absorbed as they reach the end of the bus in order to free the network for fresh and newer communications. http://www.inetdaemon.com/img/topology_bus.png Advantage of bus topology: This is an inexpensive topology to install. Disadvantage of bus topology: With all the devices sharing the same backbone cable, communication speeds are lowered. Tree Topology: Logically, this is an extension to the less complex bus topology. www.networkdictionary.com states that The transmission medium is a branching cable with no closed loops. The tree layout begins at a point called the head-end, where one or more cables start, and each of these may have branches. The branches in turn may have additional branches to allow quite complex layouts. It is often referred to as the star- bus topology. Available from: www.networkdictionary.com/networking/lanat.php [Date accessed: October 24th 2009] graphics/04fig11.gif Advantage of tree topology: This topology allows point to point wiring for individual sectors. Disadvantage of tree topology: A break in the main backbone cable will affect the entire network. Mesh Topology: In the mesh topology, each device in a network is connected to every other device in the particular network. The mesh topology is typically used to connect several LANs together to create a WAN (it is more WAN based technology) e.g. the internet is a perfect example of a mesh topology. http://www.google.tt/images?q=tbn:MKaJ7Z8cc3BUJM::www.erealmedia.com/cms102/uploads/NetworkingPrinciples/Chapter1/1_23_MeshTopology.jpgt=1h=196w=176usg=__QGrcgQACaPCnhXDPW-hE9X5a-Rw= Advantage of mesh topology: Due to the fact that all devices are interconnected to each other, there are various alternate routes, which improve fault tolerance. Disadvantage of mesh topology: Managing and troubleshooting this architecture is very difficult, complex and expensive. 1.2.0 Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN media The media used in a typical LAN (Local Area Network) are Coaxial cables, Twisted-pair cables (Unshielded and shielded twisted pair) and Fibre Optic cables. 1.2.1 Advantages of Coaxial cables: Appropriate for Broadband system: Coaxial cables possess adequate ranges of frequency that can support several network channels and as a result of such capability, allows for much greater throughput. Better bandwidth: Compared to twisted pair cables, coaxial offers a better bandwidth system wide, as well as, better bandwidth for each network channel. As a result of this, there is support for a diverse range of service. Network functionalities such as data, voice, video and even multimedia can profit from the improved capacity. An even better spacing between amplifiers: Due to the cable shielding possessed by coaxial, there is a reduction in noise and crosstalk, thereby allowing amplifiers to be spaced farther apart. Lower error rate: Noise resistance is enhanced because the inner conductor is in a wire mesh and coaxial has lesser error rates. Better channel capacity: Extensive capacity is offered from each of the several channels. Disadvantages of Coaxial cables: Installation can be expensive Prone to damage from lightning strikes: People residing in areas, in which lightning strikes frequently occur, must be cautious. If the lightning is conducted by a coaxial, chances are that the equipment connected to the end of that particular coaxial, may be fried. Noise: The path of return has noise exertion and the end apparatus requires additional aptitude to deal with error control. Deployment architecture problems: The bus topology in which the coaxial is set up is vulnerable to noise, clogging and security can be jeopardized. Bidirectional (two-way) upgrade is required: In countries where there is a history of cable television, these systems are designed and built for broadcasting, not interactive communications. For a service provider to offer a subscriber any form of two-way communication services, the current network system needs to be upgraded to a Bidirectional system. 1.2.2 Advantages of Twisted pair cables: The cost of installing twisted pair on site is low High availability: Billions telephone subscriber lines established on twisted-pair have been set up and because it is already in the ground, the telecommunication companies will use it. Low cost for local moves, additions and changes in places: Individuals can swap twisted-pair terminating in a modular plug with another jack. This can be done without a service technician, given that the wiring is already in place. Disadvantages of Twisted pair cables: Frequency spectrum is limited: The total serviceable frequency spectrum of is about 1MHz. High error rates: It is extremely susceptible to interferences in signal communications, caused by EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) or RFI (Radio Frequency Interference). Data rates are limited: The longer the distance the signal travels over cable, the lower the data rate will be. At 30 feet (100m), twisted-pair is capable of carrying 100Mbps. At 3.5 miles (5.5km), the data rate can drop to 2Mbps or possibly less. Short distances are required between repeaters. 1.2.3 Advantages of Fibre Optic cables: Fibre optic cables have higher bandwidth compared to other mediums. It is impossible to tap into fibre optic cables. This makes them much more secure compared to other mediums. One can add equipment to provide extra capability over a fibre without having to change it. No electricity passes through the cables what so ever, and as a result they do not conduct lightning strikes They are light weight Disadvantages of Fibre Optic cables: They are more fragile compared to other mediums. Installation of the cables is quite expensive. Termination of fibre optic cables is quite complex and requires special tools 1.3.0 Recommendation After much investigation of the various LAN topologies and media, I have gathered comprehensive information and have come to a conclusion which topology and media type should be used. With respects to the LAN topology, I strongly recommend that the extended star topology be implemented. The extended star offers fault tolerance in that, if failure in one cable or device occurs, it doesnt pose as a threat to the rest of the network. If at all there are problems with particular cables or devices, the task of locating them is quite easy. Management is centralized due to the use of the centralized switch and it is easy to add devices as the network expands. Also, it can be upgraded for faster speeds and better performance, not to mention that it is the most widely used, so much support is available. Such a LAN topology proves to be quite costly but with all its benefits it is worth the expense. With regards to network media, if the extended star LAN topology is to be in use, the unshielded twisted-pair cables are a suitable medium. The installation costs are low and in addition, any changes or additions are cheaper compared to other media types. Furthermore, telecommunication companies will use subscriber lines that already exist, so there is no need for additional costs of running lines. Bibliography K. Wilson Jarrett and L. Goleniewski, (Oct. 12th, 2007), Traditional Transmission Media for Networking and Telecommunications. (Coaxial Cable) www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=683070seqNum=2# [Date accessed: October 24th 2009] K. Wilson Jarrett and L. Goleniewski, (Oct. 12th, 2007), Traditional Transmission Media for Networking and Telecommunications. (Twisted-Pair) http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=683070 [Date accessed: October 24th 2009] K. Wilson Jarrett and L. Goleniewski, (Oct. 12th, 2007), Traditional Transmission Media for Networking and Telecommunications. (Fibre Optics) http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=683070seqNum=5 [Date accessed: October 24th 2009] Network Dictionary, (2004-2010), LAN Architectures and Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring and Tree. www.networkdictionary.com/networking/lanat.php [Date accessed: October 24th 2009] Task 2 a) 2.1.0 Internet services required 2.1.1 E mail: The abbreviation for electronic mail; this is a system of exchanging information/ messages digitally via the internet. 2.1.2 Voice/VoIP: The abbreviation for Voice Over internet Protocol; this is a system used in telecommunications for the transmission of voice traffic/phone calls over any network based on IP (Internet Protocol) e.g. the internet. 2.1.3 FTP: The abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol; this is the TCP/IP standard used for the transferring of files from one computer to another. 2.1.4 TELNET: This is the TCP/IP standard used for remote terminal services. It allows users at one site to transparently interact with a remote system or network at another site, whilst appearing as a local terminal. 2.1.5 Video communication: J. Wilcox Pg.3 states, Video communication is real-time exchange of digitized video images and sounds between conference participants at two or more separate sites. 2.2.0 Required connection speeds 2.3.1 With regards to Audio and Data communication, 64 Kbits/s is sufficient enough for use of this service. In the case of Video communication, bandwidth of 2Mbits/s or more may be required for proper transmission. Furthermore, www.whichvoip.com states VoIP requires anywhere from about 24Kbits/s to about 90Kbits/s. Overall, once serviced with an appropriate broadband package, these requirements will be addressed. Available from: http://www.whichvoip.com/voip/speed_test/ppspeed.html [Date accessed: October 27th 2009] 2.3.0 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) In Trinidad, there are various internet service providers from which one can subscribe for broadband services. Blink, Flow, and Lisa Communications are such ISPs. 2.3.1 Blink Packages 2.3.2 Flow Packages 2.3.3 Lisa communications 2.4.0 Recommendation After investigations on ISPs in Trinidad regarding their services and prices offered, I have seen favourable packages with one particular ISP, Flow. Flow offers its customers bandwidth speeds ranging from 512k/1Mbps to 3Mbps/9Mbps. Also they provide free static IP addresses and email addresses, and the number of IP email addresses one receives depends on the package one chooses. The packages are as follows:

Monday, August 19, 2019

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey Essay -- Auto Biography

Douglass wrote his narrative to persuade his readers of the evils of slavery. Using carefully chosen examples from the book explain how Douglass developed his story so that it was an effective attack on slavery. In other words, make clear how each example specifically contributes to his argument against slavery. Do not just list examples of the horrors of slavery; explain how Douglass uses them in his argument. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born in Tuckahoe, Talbot County, Maryland, in February, 1817. His mother's name was Harriet, his father was unknown, but thought to be Aaron Anthony, his master. Fredrick Bailey later became Fredrick Douglass upon his freedom. Douglass’s auto biography not only tells his life story, but persuaded readers of the time toward abolition. Douglass poses many arguments against slavery, and appeals to his reader’s emotions and conscience. Douglass first and most importantly uses truth of his experience to persuade his readers. No second telling of white man’s sympathetic witness can compare to depth of the words of a slave himself. His skill as a writer has great influence in shining a light on his truth. The truth is his thread, and his skill weaves his life’s story into a beautiful flag for freedom. With his talent, he uses several arguments against slavery such as; emotionally wrenching trauma, ,immoral degradation, power poisoning of the spirit of the slave owners ,religious hypocrisy, waste of human potential, and dispels the myth that an economy cannot prosper without slavery. His mere intellectual prowess was in and of itself an argument against slavery, as it was believed in his era that blacks were not capable of complex intellectual thought. Blacks were often not seen as hum... ...hould be free, but withheld from connection from the very people that could support him, broke my heart, as I suspect it had the same effect on the readers at the time. Douglass eventually is helped, and is able to ease his fears slightly. In this chapter he also marvels at the wealth. He has suspected that New Bedford would be a poor country. To his surprise he found great abundance, and evidence of wealth that even succeeded the wealth of Maryland. By pointing out the economical abundance of the non-slave holding state, he was making the argument that slavery was not needed to have a profitable country. All of these arguments were valid, and he subtly wove them into his strong narrative. His eloquence of speech and triumph of spirit were alone an argument against slavery. I am thankful to have read such a remarkable book. The power of his words is timeless.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Pacific Oil Essay -- Business Analysis

The Pacific Oil Company was formed in 1902 and had been the leader in the manufacturing of a petroleum product Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM). This product was Pacific Oil's major product line and was the main component to the manufacturing of plastics, used in many products. In 1979, Pacific Oil had landed a major contract with reliant and had over the years establish a great working partnership. The Reliant Corporation was one of Pacific’s largest and most valued customers and Pacific Oil Company wanted to renegotiate their current contract with the Reliant Corporation, with the goal of extending before it expired. Pacific’s negotiation team, Jean Fontaine, Marketing Vice President for Europe with Paul Gaudin, Marketing Manager of VCM along with representatives Frederick Hauptmann, Senior Purchasing Manager and Egon Zinnser, Regional VP for European operation from The Reliant Corporation, where to spend nearly two year working through the extension of the contract. In the end, the contract settlement was down to a final item that Pacific was not happy about, that may my then loose the extension altogether. Facing Hard Times Pacific Oil company was facing some economic changes over the next 10 years and the demand for its VCM was going o face some fierce competition. In the next 20 - 30 months other VCM manufactures will be producing the raw product to compete directly with Pacific Oil Company. The supply of the product over the next decade was expected to grow by over 1000 MM pounds each year, nearly doubling that as each year progressed. This poses a massive threat to Pacific oil as it negotiates its contracts only five years our and is now being pressured by Reliant to only extend their contract by three years. Reliant was... ...ine and Gaudin was going to present. Reliant had done their homework on their demands, potential softness of the market and was preparing themselves adequately to be able to deal with any changes. Pacific was not as prepared at the negotiation table as Reliant, and was eventually backed into a corner on a single item in the renewed control, the option for Reliant to re-sale any VCM product they have left over. The was a major oversight on the final advice from Kelsey in securing a huge customer and giving them time in further analysis the demand and impact that the new manufacturers would cause. Reference Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., & Barry, B. (2010). Negotiation Readings, Exercises and Cases (6th ed.). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill. Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., & Barry, B. (2011). Essentials of Negotiation (5th ed.). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Admire: God and Long Black Hair Essay

Everyone has his own idol. They can be a singer, film-star or superrich person for example. But to me, my mother is the person I love and admire the most. My mother still looks quite young although she is forty now. She possesses a little fat figure, round face, and a long black hair which is naturally straight to her shoulder. However, those are not the impressive things that draw people’s attention, but her figure and her eyes. She looks rather small and thin. To look at her, you will never think that she has been a mother of three children although she doesn’t dress gaudily or fashionably. My mother has very deep sad eyes which are watery. That reminds me of a lake on a stormy day. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay I love her for her sacrifices to the family. She loves us very much. She never gets angry with her children. She teaches us how to become a good person and how to distinguish good and bad things. Besides she is also a good cook. So I never missed a family meal. She works very hard from the early morning till late at night. I never think that any woman could manage to do such an enormous amount of work like that. I am indeed very indeed proud of my mother. To me, she is not a good wife but a good mother as well. By looking at her small figure and the way she works hard, it is easily that she is trying her best to bring all the good things to her children, the only source of joy left in her life. Thanks God for having given her to us, the most priceless gift I have ever had.

Articles for Teachers Day Essay

October 04, 2012, the HSL-Braille College community worked together for the biggest and widest celebration of â€Å"My Teacher, My Hero† for World’s Teachers Day 2012. As early as 6:30 in the morning, HSL-Braille College community led by its Student Government Organization (S.G.O), administrators, faculty, parents and students gathered together in the school ground to welcome our lovely teachers with their glamorous attire as they take their grand entrance in the red carpet together with their respective escorts which also the students’ teacher for that particular day. All our mentors received a souvenirs specifically a mug with a text written on it: â€Å"My Teacher, My Hero† World’s Teachers Day 2012. And a badge which also have a text written on it: â€Å"I Love Teaching†. This souvenir is not just only a give-away but instead, it serves as a sign of appreciation for our dear teachers for being the second parents in the school hat guides a nd leads the students to do good in life in order to have a better future. The program started at 6:45 AM and was introduced by the pair of stage hosts from the Fourth Year- Uzziah, the President of Student Government Organization (S.G.O), Ms. Nicholle Yummar D. Demagante and Mr. Rainier John Veluz, from the Third Year – Sheba and the External Vice President of the Student Government Organization. Before it was officially started, the teachers and students were welcomed by the Student Chairman of the Activity and the Internal Vice President of Student Government Organization, Ms. Kjienah Love I. Demagante. She gave her opening remarks to everyone which expressed her gratitude to be part of World’s Teachers Day celebration to help the school to celebrate and give warm appreciation to our heroes, our teachers. The students showed their gratitude to their advisers which is in the form of showing their talents and flaring skills like dancing and singing which shows a meaningful message to their lovely mentors. This really helped to boost the crowd’s moods. But of course students from HSL-Braille College are not only good in showcasing talents to everyone but also students can produce imaginative and constructive works that brings excellence to the schools. So, in this case, some students made an English and Filipino poems that are dedicated to their teachers which were shown and opened by their teachers which is actually felt the love and appreciation from their students. During that time, everybody especially our dear teachers were glad with the result of the event. It was successful and meaningful to everyone. After all, students,  teachers, and other guests are ready to hear our school directress words of wisdom before the end of the program. As expected, they will be served by generous students who voluntarily give their time to give service to our dear teachers. They will enjoy, have fun and relax the rest of the day. Every students can really see satisfaction after the program. It was undeniably a great celebration for World’s Teachers Day and was well-prepared despite of the bad weather. Truly, the reason for the event was to celebrate and to show our love as a matter of celebrating of the World’s Teachers Day to the true heroes of our community, our teachers. Everybody is looking forward for the next World’s Teachers Day Celebration for it will surely be another great event.

Friday, August 16, 2019

How to Write an Effective Thesis for a Comparative Essay

No matter what your major, there's usually no escape from English literature and composition classes and a compare-contrast essay assignment. Many students get nervous when their professors ask them to write an essay about the similarities and differences between two or more texts or ideas, especially when writing the thesis for the essay; however, writing a thesis for a compare-contrast essay is not as difficult as you may think.InstructionsRead the assignment sheet carefully before you begin so you can follow the professor's instructions exactly. Each professor usually has his own idiosyncrasies, so underline everything the professor expects you to include in the thesis. While writing the thesis, refer back to the underlined notes. 2Make a list of similarities and differences between the texts, ideas or events.Sponsored Links Simple Project TemplateYes. It's easy. Nothing to install. Try it Free! www.smartsheet.comNarrow down similarities and differences to specific ideas to avoid writing a compare-contrast thesis that is too broad. For example the compare-contrast thesis, â€Å"The media depict people in different roles compared to the realities of the general population,† is too general.Begin your statement with words like whereas, while, even though, and although to suggest a contrasting element will follow. For example: Although the media depict most women as housewives and stay-at-home mothers, in reality many women work full time and put their children in daycare.Make sure the thesis for a compare and contrast essay compares and contrasts two or more ideas. One of the most common basic ways to write a thesis statement for a compare contrast essay is as follows: While Jane Austin's novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† underscores themes of pride, prejudice and women and marriage, and Mary Shelly's story â€Å"Frankenstein† reveals themes of madness, the sublime, and justice, it is apparent by juxtaposing these two novels that most women during the early 19th century felt trapped in a patriarchal society that restricted the roles of women, especially in marriage. 6Familiarize yourself with literary devices other than theme for compare and contrast essays. Rhetorical devices such as allegory, characterization, climax, symbolism, foreshadowing, figurative language, simile, imagery, irony, metaphor, motifs, personification, tone and other devices can add interest to a thesis statement for a compare-contrast essay.Read more: http://www.ehow.com/how_5012335_write-statement-compare-contrast-essay.html#ixzz2rPnmEClT

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Custom Relationship Between Business and Society Essay

The world today believes in change and liberation due to beliefs and values of every society, the quality of living based on individual decisions and moral values are critical in building and of business relationship. It is therefore vital to understand how business and society can be governed and all manner of people and races respected. Every society has taboos and social entities that control its environment; however business and society is based on values that can be created by others though scientific research. According to Weber, The Protestant Ethic is a starting point towards understanding the multiple dimensions of social change. The relationship between business and ethics is interlocked in the sense that a successful company is one which can effectively maintain the relationship which exists between them and the other parties. For effective corporate management, organization varies due to policies and systems of operation in service deliver, most professionals governed by professional code of ethics invent individual personality. Religious beliefs critically affect each individual spiritual being. Today businesses that have strong corporate codes of ethics are performing well in the long-term. Government policies and competition is vital for survival in every business entity, customer expectations and organization relationships to society are critical in branding and corporate image which differentiates company’s offering from those of competitors. To manage it demand for in the long run demands commitment and sound moral behavior. This demonstrates dedication to all stakeholders, ethics enhance how a company operates and also enhances a company’s reputation and this brings more profits to the organizations. MAX WEBER PROTESTANT ETHICS Max Weber a German sociologist and political economist (1864 – 1920) aim at understanding the revolution power based of political stability and control of capitalism. With his social and religious beliefs, he investigated to known why the most economically developed districts were the most favorable to a revolution. In his findings, Weber concluded that higher skilled laborers and personnel were overwhelmingly Protestant. He aimed at bring change and revolution. The argument was based on development and education by the Catholics which he believes lead was a cause to nationality imbalance. Resources were unfairly distributed thus the districts ended up converting protestant, it plumbs the deep cultural forces that affect contemporary work life and the workplace in the capitalist communities, and it plumbs the deep religion forces that affect contemporary work life and the workplace. He professed religion balance between the Catholic and Protestant parents who usually give their children different kinds of education, in which his believe was that education is an equal asset to both the Catholics and protestants’, however he was not font that Catholics have more of a tendency in education while protestants stay in handicrafts and sectors rather than to go into industry. It suggests that their environment has determined the choice peoples occupations seem more likely since for example you would normally expect Catholics to get involved in economic activity. His argument was based on political power and influence and his believe that Protestants had stronger tendencies and capabilities to develop the economy rationalism. To him this was not a philosophy of mere greed but a statement laden with moral language. Creating modern capitalism that affects contemporary life and work place ethically. Lacks of ethics contribute to a state where the corporate bottom lines make profits through immoral acts. This relents to damaged image and leads to corrupt dealings and poor ethical practices. Managers who promote an atmosphere with high ethical standards create a competitive concept that positions a company above rivals. This will impact help increase revenues for the benefit of all stakeholders. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM Capitalism is an economic system whereby the means of production are privately owned and operated for making profits. The decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investment are made within a free market. Profit is sent to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers. The world of business is where religion demands high moral and values; Weber’s idea of modern capitalism as growing out of the religious pursuit of wealth meant a change to how wealth existed. Looking at this argument the world today has changed due to advancement of human knowledge and technological advances, religion affects business depending on relationship created among business partners, however religion is an obligation to look at, basically the impact can be based on critical values of entrepreneurs or markets targeted. Every organization is critically evaluated through its promise and purposes to deliver its products and services. The compliment can be on ability to abide by the vision and mission statement. Weber’s argues that the first and probably most vital feature of the spirit of capitalism was that it invested on economizing with high moral significance. Today communication among business entities has created a link to doing business better, the advancement of technology e.g. the use of electronic mode of payment has brought about cross boundary relationships which can easily be manage and monitored. Weber aims of scrutinizing individual strength and builds trust which is critical to business operations. This is to provide opportunities for resistance in the organizational structures with emancipation alongside those for repression and subordination. In most economies equal business opportunities are applied to allow free movement of labour and interest payment are legitimate returns on capital which provides legal mechanism for state in mobilization of funds and partnerships and create a modern state. The challenges in the society today are; highly competitive environments, global warming, inflation, which puts pressure on company’s leaders to create profitable relationships remain competent to create channels which circumvent to stakeholders returns on investment. The pressure of delivering positive results can lead to unethical decisions by individuals. However Governing legal frameworks therefore become critical as a key competency for quality productivity. Every organization has to avoid unethical environment because if it occurs it usually gets passed down through the organization ruining its reputation. In the world today China and India are believed to be â€Å"federal capitalist who excises economical power, capitalism ultimately enforce market regulation. The pricing mechanism coordinates supply and demand within a given market framework, while the visible hand of government enforces the framework and keeps it up to date†. (Bruzz Scott: the root of modern capitalism journal 11 June 2008) LUTHER CONCEPTION CALLING According to Weber his conception calling was on realization that people have got duty to fulfill and obligations imposed on them which must be attain, this believe adds value to letting each individual practice his capabilities and beliefs for betterment of living. He argues that each person has got a legitimate calling or purpose by his God; however the society is a mix of races as others rarely believe in God. He came to believe in absolute obedience to God’s will, and acceptance of the way things were. According to Weber he was trying to understand how certain characteristics of modern culture can be traced to the reformation. Scientifically most of Weber’s unforeseen beliefs are today engulfing physically through research challenging this believes. Today the society demands quality products and services with gratification of immediate results, perhaps a reason some companies practice corporate values to deliver results based of professionalism and not mere religion hindrances. Due to bureaucratic leaderships it is obvious that one’s individual moral capabilities impacts decisions and choices made in a business and in the process of it the immoral acts will decline. This in today business relationship is based on training and staff motivation. The staff morale is critical; at such a case Weber’s religion plays a role as most organization start a day with a word of prayer as a way of building courage and etiquette among employees. Weber’s moral values were that his study will contribute to the understanding of how some ideas become history’s most effective forces. He in his calling was to civilize other believers and create a more ethical responsible society with a better lifestyle. In the modern society Weber also notes that societies having more Protestants have the most developed capitalist economies. Weber’s transformation approach was not personal for monetary gain but based on passion for his Lutheran faith. It is in the best interest of a company to promote universal ethically good behavior in the workplace. This can be through Consumer trust and confidence in a business. This ultimately enhances economical benefits to a company and its network will grow. Thus, Weber concludes that the simple idea of the calling in Lutheranism is at best of limited importance to his study. Modern capitalism is about blended revolution aimed to create systems across boundaries; technology is factor that has influenced positively capitalism development on perspective of social systems, most government political challenges also affects the relationships by compromising relationships management across boundaries. However, this can be done through international marketing e.g. development abroad, franchising licensing and many others or through outsourcing services. Trade is increasingly global in scope today. Technological has improved transportation and communication opportunities and trade is now more practical. Thus, consumers and businesses now have access to the very best products from many different countries. â€Å"Increasingly rapid technology lifecycles also increases the competition among countries as to who can produce the newest in technology. In part to accommodate these realities, countries in the last several decades have taken increasing steps to promote global trade through agreements such as the General Treaty on Trade and Tariffs†. (Lars Perner, Ph.D) At glace ethical organizations create a stable organization culture and affects the level of decision making, the relationship between business and the society is vital, thus ethics is a component of doing good business. It would be a better world if the alternatives to source professionals could be utilized. However a population of unskilled workers is high and various governments’ rules of socials and dictatorship style of management insulates countries with anti market policies creating a non conducive environment for investments. However adapting ethical social governance can change for well created government for capitalism has got to start somewhere due to poor leadership opponents of globalization worry that many of the economic opportunities afforded the world while in many developing countries. CONCLUSION As the world advance and relationships are made, it is vital to understand the impact that matters to our daily life’s devotions. All aspect and merits of life are contacted by beliefs and creation of one’s faith.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Employee Empowerment Essay

1.0 Introduction Employee Empowerment is not something that you simply declare you will initiate and expect that the program will be successful.   It requires good management programs for it to succeed.   This piece purports to show how team building as a management program can be used to make employee empowerment a success. Employee empowerment should be understood to mean a situation where everyone can take action to enhance his/her work, either in personal or organizational terms, and not just delegation of job authorities to job holders.   The essence of employee empowerment is to develop leadership skills (Lashley , 2000). 2.0 Case study Using an organizational culture framework, this case study examines the critical preconditions necessary for employee empowerment and highlights how the multiple cultures within one public bureaucracy differently impacted their implementation. Serve, a large human service organization, initiated an employee empowerment program that contradicted and thus collided with many elements of its overall organizational culture. Despite the best intentions of the organizational leaders, upper management support, and opportunities for participatory decision making, the organization could not foster the critical preconditions needed for employee empowerment. Leaders had difficulty expanding the employees’ power and promoting member inclusion. Concurrently, most employees rejected these new opportunities for control and distrusted the leader’s intentions. Yet, despite the widespread rejection of these empowerment initiatives, most employees described their work lives as empowering the piece discusses how a localized empowerment endeavor may be a more appropriate and feasible focus for public bureaucracies seeking to initiate greater staff empowerment. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between individuals and their environments, and how this interaction affects the empowerment process in light to the whole team building exercise. 2.1 Management Program that could be used in addressing the problem To avoid such instances like the one mentioned above, team building as strategy can be used. Team building refers to improving team performance by developing team working skills by using any appropriate method.   Effective team building and employee motivation fit together.   Successful organizations are not involved in team building as an end to itself but rather because with effective team building employee motivation increases and organizational results are achieved. (Cherney, 2002). 3.0 Review of the research With Adams Associates, enjoyment increased team building effectiveness.   Team building is a tool for employee motivation.   All teams go through very predictable phases.   Knowing and understanding these phases gives leadership the confidence to continue in the team building even when during one of the phases, the employee motivation appears to be declining. A prime example of utilizing and effectively using the method of team work is through a workshop duly created for the purpose of enhancing skills of the employee, creating a spirit of team building, showing how to address conflict management, teaching problems solving skills and enhancing quality management techniques with team work, there is better understanding of the different leadership styles as well as inclination of and empowerment of employees (.Modern Management, 2003). Communication also, as one of the most vital and important methods of any relationship has been observed to lead to a truly cohesive and effective means of accomplishing goals of the organization.   One of the prime examples practiced by a number of organizations includes a morning chat before commencing actual work.   This morning exchange of ideas not only gives impetus to the overall objectives of the organization, they also provide a sense of motivation and empowerment for the numerous tasks and activities that will face the employees during the course of the long working day ahead of them. Though this morning exchange of ideas and sharing of information may not take long, the little time together provides a sense of responsibility amongst team members and leads the team to bring out new ideas that may assist other team members in their course of their day’s normal routine work.   It also allows employees to reinforce ground rules that have already been established by the organization, as well as lead to a truly satisfying and enjoyable working environment. Another important way of enhancing employee empowerment via team building is through enhancing leadership skills among employees.   Good leadership qualities are similar to good parenting. The object is thus to create an environment where employees not only enjoy to utilize their own strengths, but as members of a team also ensure that they become effective and contributing members of the respective organizations. In case of any changes, the workers must be involved or else they will fight progress (Chien, 2004).   In an empowered organization people should not expect to be told what to do but they should know what to do.   There is therefore need to support and stimulate the people co-operate to overcome functional barriers and work to eliminate fear within their team (Hand 1994:25). Research findings concerning self-managed teams have been largely positive.   Proponents claim that self-managed work teams are effective because they empower employees to make decisions that affect their lives.   Thus these teams radically change the way that employees value and think about jobs.   Other benefits associated with self managed teams include greater flexibility to respond to market changes and competitive pressures. 3.1 Companies that have experienced various degrees of success Let us now see why some companies seem so successful while others do not.   Microsoft’s success can be attributed tot heir work place environment, empowerment of employee ideas and their employee benefits.   A motivated work force, coupled with a well built team causes a team of motivated people to work towards accomplishing their goals. In order to achieve its goals, Microsoft hires not only graduates who the company believes will contribute by bringing in fresh innovation and ideas for the upcoming generation.   After hiring these employees, the company ensures that these employees are always focussed and are giving their full potential in delivery of services. Eastman Kodak, a company concerned with developing, manufacturing, marketing imaging products and service for consumers has adapted a Kodak and lean cross-dock projects to oversee that the company is successful.   Lean cross-docks create an environment of empowerment by enabling any cross-dock employee to top and seek help to fix problems.   Employees training encourage empowerment by providing the rationale for why processes are performed in a specified manner.   This not only enhances their employee’s understanding of operations but also facilitates operational improvements. It also practices respect for workers starting with worker safety.   Employee safety is particularly critical at cross-dock because of the fast-faced, high volume material flow.   Respect for workers is also communicated by seriously considering employee suggestions for improvement and reviewing them in a timely manner (Child et al, 1994). In pursuing the opportunity, Kodak used the expertise of Tran freight; a lean-dock specialist.   The team then developed projects objectives based on thorough discussions with Kodak managers.   The objectives included creation of employee-empowered, team oriented in problem solving among others and team building was also at the core of these objectives.   This success enabled Kodak to expand the number of plants and supplies involved in the lean cross-dock operation. With the above two examples, it is evident that team building is crucial for employee empowerment to be a success.   For team building to thrive, the executive leadership needs to clearly communicate its expectations for the team performance and expected outcome.   The team members should understand why the team was created.   The organization on its part needs to demonstrate consistency of purpose in supporting the team with required resources. The members also ought to understand the context.   That is why they are participating on the team.   They should understand how the strategy of using teams will help the organization attain its communicated business goals.   Over and above all, the members should define their team’s importance to the accomplishment of corporate goals and understand where its work fits in the total context of the organization goals, principles and visions. For good team building, the members need to have the desire to participate in the team. The feeling that team mission is important should be entrenched in each and every one of them.   They should perceive that service as valuable to the organization and to their own career, anticipate recognition for their contributions and expect their skills to grow and develop on the team. The management also needs to enhance clarity about the priority of the tasks of the team members.   The organization is required to provide business information regularly.   The team members also need to communicate clearly and honestly with each other and bring diverse opinions to the table as ways of addressing necessary arising conflicts. If these suggestions are not adhered to employee empowerment in an organization is doomed to fail.   These are however not the only reason why employee empowerment fails.   Other reasons are explained herein. Firstly, there is lack of a clear definition of empowerment by managers.   Managers need to clarify such issues as what decisions can be made in their absence by the employees, without their permission or oversight. Secondly, the top management sometimes defines the decision making authority and boundaries with staff but then micromanage the work of employees.   This is majorly because the managers do not trust the staff to make good decisions.   If the staff members know this, they will craftily make decisions on their own and hide the results or come to the manager for everything because they do not know what they really can control (Bateman & Snell, 1999). Sometimes, managers abdicate all responsibility and accountability for decision making when reporting staff for instance is blamed or punished for failures, mistake and less optimum results, they flee from empowerment.   This failure to publicly support decisions and stand behind the employees makes them feel deserted.   As a company’s resource therefore, employees need to be organized forcefully enough to achieve the objectives.   A critical feature of successful teams is that they are invested with a significant degree of empowerment or decision making authority. Equally important, employee empowerment changes the manager’s mindset and leaves them with more time to engage in broad based thinking, visioning and nurturing.   This intelligent and production division of duties between visionary leaders, focusing on emerging opportunities and empowered employees, running the business until day to day provides for a well managed enterprise with strong growth potential. To sum it all up, there are a few things that need to be done for successful employee empowerment as relates to team building.   The top management needs to realize that its behaviour must change too.   They should not expect employees to confidently begin solving problems and making improvements unless they see that the executive group will support it and do it themselves.   Infact, employees will not even bother trying unless they see evidence that top people mean it (Zoglio, 1997). A clear goal needs to be set since groups of employees with no experience working together on business issues will not know where to start.   Focus should be on the real work effort.   Remember, empowerment works best when employees have an important compelling business-related goal such as saving the company from bankruptcy, being the low cost, high quality leader in their field. 4.0 Conclusion For employee empowerment to be a success therefore in any organization, team building is a critical component.   This is because it will ensure commitment which is the foundation for synergy in groups, contribution, effective communication, and co-operation and will also deal effectively with conflict management.